Northernmost Sighting of Toxic Pufferfish in the Mediterranean Raises Alarm
Researchers have reported the northernmost occurrence of the invasive silver-cheeked toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) in the Mediterranean Sea, sparking concerns over its ecological and economic impact. This discovery highlights growing threats to marine biodiversity, fisheries, and coastal tourism.
Discovery in the Adriatic Sea
A recent study published in Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria details the May 13, 2024, capture of a Lagocephalus sceleratus specimen in the Bay of Medulin, northern Adriatic. The male pufferfish, measuring 522 mm and weighing 1,330 g, was found at a depth of 19.7 meters. This marks the fourth confirmed record of the species in the Adriatic and its first sighting in these northern waters.
Threats to Marine Life and Public Safety
The presence of Lagocephalus sceleratus poses multiple risks:
- Ecological Disruption: The species primarily feeds on bivalves, gastropods, and sea urchins, potentially destabilizing local marine ecosystems.
- Fisheries Damage: This invasive fish frequently appears in small-scale fishing catches and is known for damaging fishing gear with its powerful bite.
- Human Health Hazard: Its flesh and organs contain tetrodotoxin, a potent neurotoxin that can be fatal if consumed. Additionally, reports from the southern and eastern Mediterranean indicate that bites from its beak-like jaws have caused severe injuries, including partial finger amputations.
A Lessepsian Migrant Expanding Its Range
Originally native to the Indo-Pacific, Lagocephalus sceleratus entered the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, a phenomenon known as Lessepsian migration. Since its first recorded sighting in 2003, the species has rapidly expanded across the region, adapting to new habitats and threatening native marine life.
Call for Monitoring and Management
Dr. Neven Iveša, co-author of the study, emphasized the urgency of addressing the species’ spread: “The presence of Lagocephalus sceleratus in the northern Adriatic is a clear warning sign. Proactive monitoring and management strategies are essential to mitigating its ecological and economic impact.”
To combat this growing threat, researchers recommend:
- Enhanced Monitoring: Increased surveillance of pufferfish populations in Mediterranean waters.
- Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating fishers and coastal communities on the dangers of handling and consuming the species.
- Regulatory Measures: Implementing targeted removal efforts and reporting systems to track sightings.
Encouraging Early Detection and Response
The research team urges local fishers and marine authorities to report sightings of Lagocephalus sceleratus to aid in early detection and management efforts. Through collective action, it may be possible to mitigate the species’ impact and protect Mediterranean marine ecosystems.
Reference
Neven Iveša et al., “Northernmost Mediterranean Record of the Silver-Cheeked Toadfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Actinopterygii, Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae),” Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria (2025). DOI: 10.3897/aiep.55.146945
Source: Pensoft Publishers