Classification or types of Plastics Materials, Properties and their Composition Chemistry

 

Classification of
plastics materials, properties, and  their composition  chemistry

This Topic (Classification
of plastics materials, properties and  their composition  chemistry) will cover the
following questions to provide explanatory answers

·        
Properties of plastic

·        
Plastic definition

·        
Chemical composition of plastic

·        
Types of plastics

·        
What is plastic made from

·        
Nanotechnology and Plastics

·        
Chemistry of plastic

·        
10 different types of plastic

·        
Types of plastic and their uses

·        
Classification
of plastics 

·        
Plastic materials list

·        
Types of plastics and their properties

·        
Plastic recycling

·        
High technical plastic

Introduction
to plastic

·        
Plastic
is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic
organic compounds that are malleable and therefore can be molded into solid
objects.

·        
Plastics
are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain
other substances. They are usually synthetic and most commonly derived from
petrochemicals. 

Types
of plastic and plastic materials

• Polyethylene terephthalate (PET or
  PETE)
• High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
• Polystyrene (PS)
• Acrylic.
  Strong and transparent, acrylic offers the same clarity as glass without
  the risk of shattering. …
• Polypropylene.
  From temporary signage to printed advertising banners, polypropylene is a versatile
  plastic with a myriad of uses
• PVC.
  
•  Corflute.
• Nylon.
• High
  Impact Polystyrene.

 

Plastics are generally
classified by the chemical structure of the polymer’s backbone and side chains;
some important groups in these classifications include:

• Acrylics
• Polyesters
• Silicones
• Polyurethanes
• Halogenated plastics

Explanation of above-mentioned classification

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)    

It is a terpolymer produced by polymerizing
styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene. Most applications
can withstand temperatures of between -20–80°C (-4–176°F). Common applications
include electronic equipment cases such as computer monitors, printers, and
keyboards as well as a drainage pipe.

Polyester
(PES)

The Polyester can occur naturally, for
example in the cutin of plant cuticles, and synthetically through step-growth
polymerization such as polybutyrate. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic
ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. Polyesters can
be found extensively in the clothing and textile industries.

Polyethylene (PE)

The Polyethylene is the
most common plastic with an annual global production of approximately
80-million tons. It is mainly used in the packaging sector for plastic bags, plastic
films, and containers (including bottles).

 

High-density
polyethylene (HDPE)

 

The High-density
polyethylene also known as polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic
derived from petroleum with a high strength-to-density ratio. It used in
detergent bottles, milk jugs, plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping,
geomembranes, and plastic lumber. When used for pipes, it is sometimes called
alkaline or polythene.

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)

The Low-density polyethylene is a thermoplastic made from the monomer
ethylene. First produced in 1933 by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI),  its implementation remains widespread in
outdoor furniture, siding, floor tiles, and packaging despite competition from
modern polymer

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

The Polyethylene
terephthalate commonly abbreviated PET or PETE is the most common
thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family. It is used in fibers for
clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing,
and in combination with glass fiber for engineering resins. Brand names
include Dacron, Terylene, or Lavsan.

Polyurethane (PUR and PU) 

The Polyurethane (PUR and PU) is a polymer composed of organic units
joined by carbamate (urethane) links. Most polyurethanes is thermosetting
polymers that do not melt when heated, common applications include: cushioning
foams, thermal insulation foams, surface coatings, and printing rollers. It is
the most commonly used plastic in automobiles.

Polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) 

The Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) is also known as PVC, polyvinyl or vinyl and is the world’s third-most
widely produced synthetic plastic polymer after polyethylene and polypropylene.
PVC is available in either a rigid (RPVC) or flexible form. Common applications
for RPVC include plumbing pipes, gutters, doors, window frames, and bank or
membership cards.

 

Chemical recycling of Plastics

Advanced recycling,
also called “chemical recycling,”
refers to several different processes that use existing and emerging
technologies that return post-use plastics to their basic chemical building
blocks for creating a versatile mix of new plastics, chemicals, fuels, and
other products.

These
outputs include:

• Virgin Like Plastics
• Specialty Chemicals
• Basic building blocks (monomers)
• Chemical feedstocks (naphtha)
• Fuels
• Other products (e.g. waxes)

 

Three
primary categories of advanced recycling technologies

There are three primary categories of advanced recycling
technologies that process used plastics into new plastics and products.

• Purification – Used plastic is dissolved in
  a solvent to remove additives, resulting in a purified near virgin
  plastic.
• Decomposition/depolymerization – The molecular bonds of used
  plastic is broken, resulting in molecules (monomers) from which plastics
  are made.
• Conversion – The molecular bonds of used
  plastic is broken and recombined, resulting in hydrocarbons and chemical
  feedstocks similar to products made by petroleum