Top 10 Best-Known Scientists in the Aquaculture Sector

1. Introduction

Aquaculture has ascended to a position of paramount importance in the global food system, playing an increasingly vital role in meeting the nutritional demands of a growing world population. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that in 2020, aquaculture contributed to 50% of the total global seafood production, accounting for 88 million metric tons out of 178 million metric tons.¹ This substantial contribution underscores the sector’s critical role in ensuring food security and highlights the significance of scientific advancements that underpin its sustainable and efficient development. With the global demand for food projected to continue its upward trajectory, the onus falls on aquaculture to expand responsibly and sustainably to meet these needs.¹ The ongoing progress and future potential of aquaculture are inextricably linked to the pioneering work of scientists dedicated to unraveling its complexities and driving innovation. This report aims to identify and profile the top 10 best-known scientists who have made seminal contributions to the aquaculture sector, providing a comprehensive overview of their expertise, groundbreaking innovations, and far-reaching impact on the field. By examining their work, this report seeks to offer valuable insights for industry stakeholders, academic researchers, and policymakers alike, fostering a deeper understanding of the scientific landscape that shapes the future of sustainable seafood production.

2. Criteria for Identifying Top Scientists

The identification of the top 10 best-known scientists in the aquaculture sector necessitates the establishment of clear and objective criteria to evaluate their influence and impact. Several key factors have been considered in this assessment. Firstly, research impact is a crucial indicator, gauged by the number of publications in peer-reviewed journals, the frequency with which their work is cited by other researchers, and recognition as Highly Cited Researchers.⁴ For instance, the consistent recognition of Eddie Allison from WorldFish among the top 0.1% of researchers for three consecutive years, based on the citation frequency of his publications, underscores his significant influence within the scientific community.⁷ Secondly, significant contributions and innovations play a pivotal role. This includes the development of novel technologies, methodologies, or best practices that have demonstrably advanced the field of aquaculture.⁴ Examples range from Professor Amaya Albalat’s research on optimizing stunning methods in crustaceans ⁴ to Professor Mags Crumlish’s pioneering work in aquatic disease management ⁴ and Professor Amir Sagi’s groundbreaking advancements in monosex prawn culture.²⁰ Furthermore, research that directly addresses critical challenges facing the aquaculture industry, such as disease outbreaks, the need for sustainable feeds, and minimizing environmental impact, is also a key consideration.¹ Thirdly, leadership roles within major aquaculture organizations, research institutions, or academic departments signify a scientist’s broader influence on the direction of research and development in the sector.⁵ The directorship of Professor Mohammad Pourkazemi at the Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute ⁵ and Lisa Milke’s leadership of the Ecosystems and Aquaculture Division at NOAA’s Northeast Fisheries Science Center ²⁶ exemplify this criterion. Participation in advisory boards and the chairing of committees related to aquaculture science and policy further underscore a scientist’s impact.⁴ Finally, overall recognition within the aquaculture community is assessed through the receipt of prestigious awards or honors ¹⁴ and frequent mentions in industry publications, reports, and at prominent conferences.⁴ Professor Amir Sagi’s Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions to aquaculture biotechnology serves as a testament to such recognition.²⁰ These multifaceted criteria, encompassing research impact, significant contributions, leadership, and overall recognition, provide a robust framework for identifying the top scientists who have indelibly shaped the aquaculture sector.

3. Profiles of the Top 10 Best-Known Scientists in Aquaculture

Based on a comprehensive analysis of the provided information, the following individuals have been identified as among the top 10 best-known scientists in the aquaculture sector:

• Professor Rosamond Naylor: A distinguished figure in global environmental policy and the founding Director of the Center on Food Security and the Environment at Stanford University, Professor Naylor’s research has significantly influenced the understanding of aquaculture’s sustainability. Her work, including a 2001 study that highlighted the challenges of the aquaculture sector’s reliance on wild fish for feed, has spurred critical discussions and motivated the industry towards more sustainable practices.³⁰ A 2021 retrospective review she co-authored in Nature demonstrated the substantial growth of freshwater aquaculture and the industry’s progress in reducing its dependence on wild fish for feed by 50% through innovations in feeds and genetics.² Her leadership as co-chair of The Blue Food Assessment further underscores her commitment to integrating nutrition, equity, justice, and environmental priorities within aquatic food systems.³⁰ Her extensive publications and involvement in numerous advisory roles highlight her profound impact on shaping sustainable aquaculture policies and practices globally.³¹
• Professor David Little: Currently the Chair of Aquatic Resource Development at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Professor Little possesses over 40 years of professional experience in the aquaculture sector. His research and educational interests are centered on the societal impacts of aquaculture and the increasing importance of seafood within global food systems.³² As part of the Aquaculture Systems research group at Stirling, he has coordinated a wide array of research projects, particularly focusing on Asia and Africa, addressing the crucial role of aquaculture in food security and rural livelihoods.² His extensive publications and involvement in expert reviews and consultations with organizations like the FAO and WWF demonstrate his significant contributions to promoting sustainable intensification and responsible aquaculture practices worldwide.³²
• Dr. Ronald Hardy: With a distinguished career culminating at the University of Idaho’s Aquaculture Research Institute in 2020, Dr. Hardy is globally recognized for his significant contributions to fish nutrition and feed production technology. His extensive research, documented in over 300 publications, has focused on optimizing feed formulations to meet the nutritional requirements of various aquaculture species.² His work has been instrumental in the development of sustainable and cost-effective feed alternatives, including the exploration of insect lipids as a replacement for traditional energy sources in fish diets.¹⁵ Dr. Hardy’s accolades, including the World Aquaculture Society’s Honorary Lifetime Membership and a presidential appointment to the National Agricultural Research Board, underscore his profound impact on advancing the science of aquaculture nutrition.¹⁴
• Professor Amir Sagi: A professor of life sciences at Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Professor Sagi is a leading expert in crustacean biology, physiology, endocrinology, and functional genomics. His groundbreaking research has transformed the understanding and control of reproduction and growth in commercially important decapod crustaceans.²² Notably, his discovery of the Insulin-like Androgenic Gland (IAG) hormone has revolutionized sexual plasticity research in prawns, leading to the development of highly efficient monosex culture systems that significantly boost global prawn yields.²⁰ These non-GMO biotechnologies, including temporal RNA interference (RNAi), are now applied in several countries across Southeast Asia.²⁰ Professor Sagi’s receipt of the Lifetime Achievement Award at the ACEEU Asia-Pacific Triple E Awards in 2024 recognizes his transformative contributions to aquaculture biotechnology over the past two decades.²⁰
• Professor Ingrid Olesen: A professor and senior scientist with over 30 years of experience in animal breeding and genetics, Professor Olesen has been actively involved in aquaculture research since 1997. Her work at Nofima and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences has focused on key areas such as genetic parameters, selection strategies, genetic disease resistance, and breeding objectives in aquaculture species.⁵ She has led numerous research projects funded by the Norwegian Research Council and participated in several EU projects, contributing significantly to the advancement of genetic technologies in aquaculture.⁵ Her extensive publication record and her role as Vice Chair of the FAO’s Advisory Working Group on Aquatic Genetic Resources highlight her international standing and influence in shaping responsible genetic resource management in aquaculture.⁵
• Professor Mags Crumlish: A professor at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Professor Crumlish has established a global reputation for her work on aquatic bacterial diseases and diagnostics. Her research focuses on identifying and understanding the pathogenesis of bacterial infections that impact a wide range of fish and shrimp farming systems.⁴ She is currently leading projects aimed at developing vaccines against antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture, seeking sustainable alternatives to antibiotics.³⁴ Beyond her scientific contributions, Professor Crumlish has also demonstrated leadership in promoting gender equity in STEM, chairing the IoA’s successful Athena SWAN Bronze Award.⁴ Her extensive publications and active involvement in addressing critical issues like antimicrobial resistance underscore her significant impact on safeguarding the health and sustainability of the aquaculture industry.³⁴
• Professor Sonia Rey-Planellas: Also a professor at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Professor Rey-Planellas’ research centers on fish behavior and welfare, challenging conventional approaches to aquaculture system design. Her work has demonstrated the importance of considering individual personalities and behavioral traits of fish in aquaculture to enhance stress resilience, immune function, and growth performance.⁴ By incorporating behavioral science into aquaculture, her research has influenced the development of welfare-enhancing production systems.⁴ She has been involved in numerous projects focused on improving fish welfare status across the EU and has contributed to the development of Operational Welfare Indicators for use in fish farming.³⁵ Her leadership roles, including previously chairing the IoA’s EDI Committee ⁴, highlight her commitment to advancing both the science and ethical practices within aquaculture.
• Associate Professor Mónica Betancor: An Associate Professor at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Dr. Betancor is at the forefront of sustainable aquafeed innovation. Her research tackles one of aquaculture’s most pressing challenges: reducing the reliance on marine-derived ingredients in fish feed.⁴ Her work focuses on identifying and evaluating alternative feed ingredients and optimizing dietary fatty acids and lipids to ensure the health and welfare of farmed fish.³⁶ Her research has explored the potential of high-EPA oil from transgenic Camelina sativa in feeds for Atlantic salmon, demonstrating her commitment to finding environmentally sound and nutritionally effective feed solutions.⁴ Her contributions are crucial for the long-term sustainability and environmental footprint of the aquaculture sector.
• Dr. Eddie Allison: A Principal Scientist at WorldFish with over 30 years of experience in academia and public policy, Dr. Allison is a highly influential figure in the field of aquatic food systems. His interdisciplinary research addresses the crucial role of diverse aquatic foods and food systems approaches in achieving sustainable development goals, with a particular focus on livelihoods, climate change adaptation, and sustainable fisheries and aquaculture development.⁷ Recognized as one of the top 0.1% most cited researchers globally for three consecutive years, his work has significantly influenced public policy in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Oceania, Latin America, North America, and Europe.⁷ His advisory roles to the High-Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy and the non-profit Oceana further underscore his global impact on promoting sustainable practices in the aquatic food sector.³⁷
• Professor Daniel Pauly: While perhaps more widely recognized for his contributions to fisheries science and his critical work on the impact of fisheries on marine ecosystems, Professor Pauly’s extensive research and influence within aquatic sciences make him a significant figure relevant to aquaculture as well.³⁹ As the founder of FishBase, a comprehensive online encyclopedia of fish, and a key developer of the Ecopath software for modeling aquatic ecosystems, his work provides foundational tools and knowledge that are also utilized in aquaculture research and management.⁴¹ His long-standing advocacy for ocean conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, including critiques of certain aquaculture practices, has undoubtedly shaped the broader discourse around responsible aquaculture development.⁴² His prolific publication record and numerous prestigious awards solidify his position as a highly influential scientist in the broader aquatic realm, with significant implications for the aquaculture sector.

Table 1: Top 10 Best-Known Scientists in Aquaculture

Scientist Name	Primary Area of Expertise	Key Contribution(s)	Notable Affiliation(s)
Rosamond Naylor	Global Environmental Policy, Food Security, Aquaculture Sustainability	Highlighted aquaculture’s reliance on wild fish, demonstrated freshwater aquaculture growth, advocates for sustainable aquatic food systems.	Stanford University
David Little	Societal Impacts of Aquaculture, Seafood in Food Systems	Research on aquaculture’s role in food security and rural livelihoods, promotion of sustainable intensification.	University of Stirling
Ronald Hardy	Fish Nutrition, Feed Production Technology	Development of sustainable and cost-effective feed alternatives, research on insect lipids in fish diets.	University of Idaho
Amir Sagi	Crustacean Biology, Sexual Differentiation, Monosex Aquaculture	Discovery of IAG hormone, development of efficient monosex prawn culture systems.	Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Ingrid Olesen	Animal Breeding and Genetics in Aquaculture, Disease Resistance	Research on genetic parameters, disease resistance, and breeding objectives in farmed fish.	Nofima, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Mags Crumlish	Aquatic Bacterial Diseases, Diagnosis, Vaccine Development	Pioneering work on aquatic bacterial diseases, development of vaccines against antimicrobial resistance.	University of Stirling
Sonia Rey-Planellas	Fish Behavior and Welfare, Aquaculture System Design	Incorporation of behavioral science into aquaculture, development of welfare-enhancing production systems.	University of Stirling
Mónica Betancor	Sustainable Aquafeed Innovation	Research on reducing reliance on marine-derived ingredients, optimization of dietary fatty acids for fish health.	University of Stirling
Eddie Allison	Aquatic Food Systems, Livelihoods, Climate Change Adaptation	Research on the role of diverse aquatic foods in sustainable development, impact on public policy globally.	WorldFish
Daniel Pauly	Fisheries Science, Marine Ecosystem Impacts	Development of FishBase and Ecopath, significant contributions to understanding and mitigating the impact of fisheries on aquatic ecosystems.	University of British Columbia

4. Notable Mentions and Emerging Leaders

Beyond the top 10, several other scientists have made significant contributions to specific areas within aquaculture. Fred Page at DFO Centre for Integrated Aquaculture Science has conducted important research on the environmental management of aquaculture, particularly focusing on water circulation and exchange between fish farms.²⁴ Gehan Mabrouk at the North Atlantic Fisheries Centre is working on ensuring the sustainable and ecosystem-based expansion of the aquaculture industry in Newfoundland.²⁴ The briefing featuring Jesse Trushenski, Don Kent, Guillaume Salze, and Tyler Sclodnick highlighted advancements in science and technology for more sustainable aquaculture.²⁸ Scientists at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) in the UK, including Simon Jennings and Gordon H. Copp, are highly ranked in ecology and evolution, suggesting their research has broader implications for aquatic ecosystems relevant to aquaculture.⁶ Mike Acquafredda’s work on integrated multi-trophic aquaculture at NOAA’s Howard Lab demonstrates innovative approaches to sustainable practices.¹⁷ Benjamin Reading’s research on striped bass aquaculture at NC State University is contributing to the advancement of this specific sector.⁴³ The involvement of Rosamond Naylor, David Little, and Ronald Hardy in the 20-year retrospective on aquaculture progress underscores their continued influence in the field.² Amir Sagi’s collaborative research with U.S. scientists, funded by BARD, highlights the international impact of his work.²⁰ Edwin Solares, Jackson Gross, and Adam Summers’ work on applying AI technology to fish farming represents an emerging trend in aquaculture technology.¹⁸ Wagner Valenti’s listing among the top 2% of influential scientists in 2021 signifies his growing recognition within the field.⁹ Researchers at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Norway, such as Kristin Hamre and Kevin Glover, are recognized as top researchers in fisheries, a closely related field.¹¹ These individuals, among others mentioned in the research, represent a diverse range of expertise and contribute to the ongoing advancements in aquaculture science and technology.

5. Analysis of Key Research Areas and Trends

The work of the identified scientists and others in the field underscores several key research areas and emerging trends shaping the future of aquaculture. Sustainability is a dominant theme, driven by the increasing global demand for seafood and growing environmental consciousness. Research efforts are focused on reducing the reliance on marine-derived ingredients in aquafeeds, as exemplified by the work of Mónica Betancor.⁴ The development of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems, as explored by Mike Acquafredda, offers promising avenues for more sustainable farming practices.¹⁷ Furthermore, research into sustainable feed alternatives, utilizing waste products from other industries, is gaining traction.²⁵ The overarching goal is to minimize the “fish-in:fish-out” ratio, making aquaculture a net contributor to global protein supply, a key focus of Rosamond Naylor’s research.²

Disease management and fish health remain critical areas of research. The work of Mags Crumlish on aquatic bacterial diseases and the development of vaccines against antimicrobial resistance is essential for ensuring the economic viability and environmental responsibility of aquaculture.⁴ Understanding stress physiology, as investigated by Amaya Albalat, is crucial for improving fish welfare and resilience to disease.⁴ Research on specific health issues, such as heart diseases in farmed fish, also contributes to better management practices.²⁵

Genetic improvements and breeding technologies are playing an increasingly important role in enhancing the productivity and sustainability of aquaculture. The application of genetics to improve disease resistance and growth rates, a focus of Ingrid Olesen and John Benzie’s work, is leading to more robust and efficient farmed species.⁵ The development of monosex culture systems for species like prawns, pioneered by Amir Sagi, can significantly increase production efficiency.²⁰ The use of genomic resources to support selective breeding programs, as highlighted by Benjamin Reading’s work, further advances these efforts.⁴⁷

Innovative feed technologies and nutrition are crucial for reducing the environmental impact and cost of aquaculture. Research into alternative feed ingredients, such as those explored by Mónica Betancor and Ronald Hardy, aims to lessen the dependence on wild-caught fish.² Optimizing the nutritional content of feeds to meet the specific needs of farmed species is also a key area of investigation.¹⁵

Several emerging trends are also shaping the future of aquaculture research. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for tasks like fish sex determination, as demonstrated by the work of Edwin Solares, Jackson Gross, and Adam Summers, promises to improve efficiency and reduce costs.¹⁸ The development of non-lethal methods for assessing fish health and reproductive quality, as undertaken by NIST, offers new tools for better management practices.¹ The increasing interest in integrated aquaculture systems, combining the farming of different species to create more sustainable and resilient ecosystems, is evident in the work of Mike Acquafredda and Wagner Valenti.⁹ These diverse research areas and emerging trends highlight the dynamic and evolving nature of aquaculture science, driven by the need to enhance sustainability, efficiency, and responsible practices within the sector.

6. Conclusion

The top 10 scientists profiled in this report represent a diverse array of expertise and have collectively made profound contributions to the advancement of the aquaculture sector. Their research spans critical areas such as sustainable aquaculture practices, disease management, genetic improvements, innovative feed technologies, and a deeper understanding of aquatic ecosystems. The work of Professor Rosamond Naylor, Professor David Little, and Dr. Ronald Hardy has been instrumental in shaping the discourse around sustainability and nutritional aspects of aquaculture. Professor Amir Sagi’s groundbreaking work in crustacean biology has revolutionized prawn aquaculture. Professor Ingrid Olesen and Professor John Benzie have significantly advanced the application of genetics to improve farmed species. Professor Mags Crumlish and Professor Sonia Rey-Planellas have made invaluable contributions to fish health and welfare. Associate Professor Mónica Betancor is at the forefront of developing sustainable aquafeed solutions. Dr. Eddie Allison’s interdisciplinary research has had a global impact on aquatic food systems policy. While primarily known for fisheries, Professor Daniel Pauly’s foundational work in aquatic science provides essential tools and knowledge relevant to aquaculture.

The collective impact of these scientists extends beyond their individual research findings. Their work has informed policy decisions, driven industry innovation, and mentored the next generation of aquaculture researchers. By addressing key challenges such as environmental sustainability, disease prevention, and efficient production, their contributions are vital for ensuring the future of aquaculture as a sustainable source of seafood and a crucial component of global food security. The ongoing research and dedication of these and other leading scientists in the field will continue to shape the trajectory of aquaculture, paving the way for a more resilient, responsible, and productive industry that can meet the growing global demand for nutritious and sustainably produced seafood.

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