Hydroxychloroquine, a cure for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) OR not?
Introduction
Hydroxychloroquine drugs that have recently been
making new headlines as promising treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this article, we will provide information about
hydroxychloroquine and their relationship
with COVID-19
making new headlines as promising treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this article, we will provide information about
hydroxychloroquine and their relationship
with COVID-19
1 1. What is Hydroxychloroquine?
Hydroxychloroquine, its chemical name is 4-aminoquinoline
and sold under the product name Plaquenil. Its molecular formula is C18H26ClN3O
with a molecular weight of 335.9 g/mol.
It was first approved to treat malaria, an
infection caused by a parasite (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum).
Hydroxychloroquine structure is similar to
chloroquine. Chloroquine has anti-inflammatory
and antimalarial activity. Hydroxychloroquine was approved by the FDA in 1955, is
usually ideal over chloroquine because it has less side effects. Nowadays hydroxychloroquine
is used for antimalarial drug and comes only as a tablet which can be taken by mouth only.
and sold under the product name Plaquenil. Its molecular formula is C18H26ClN3O
with a molecular weight of 335.9 g/mol.
It was first approved to treat malaria, an
infection caused by a parasite (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum).
Hydroxychloroquine structure is similar to
chloroquine. Chloroquine has anti-inflammatory
and antimalarial activity. Hydroxychloroquine was approved by the FDA in 1955, is
usually ideal over chloroquine because it has less side effects. Nowadays hydroxychloroquine
is used for antimalarial drug and comes only as a tablet which can be taken by mouth only.
2D of structure of hydroxychloroquine
2 2. Use of Hydroxychloroquine drug
It is used to treat:-
Ø Lupus erythematosus,
Ø Rheumatoid arthritis
Ø Porphyria cutanea tarda,
Ø Q fever,
Ø Malaria resistant strains,
Ø Post-Lyme arthritis and
Ø Anti-inflammatory activity
Ø Immunosuppressive drug
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (Clinical trails are going on )
3. How it works?
Hydroxychloroquine upsurges the pH
of lysosomes in antigen-presenting cells which help degrade the foreign
substance. In inflammatory circumstances, it blocks toll-like receptors on
plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Recently, it has been revealed hydroxychloroquine
inhibits stimulation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 family receptors, that
persuade inflammatory responses through the initiation of the natural immune
system.
of lysosomes in antigen-presenting cells which help degrade the foreign
substance. In inflammatory circumstances, it blocks toll-like receptors on
plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Recently, it has been revealed hydroxychloroquine
inhibits stimulation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 family receptors, that
persuade inflammatory responses through the initiation of the natural immune
system.
4. Is hydroxychloroquine safe or not?
The common side effects of hydroxychloroquine in human
are:
are:
1) Stomach cramps or abdominal cramps
2) Vomiting
3) Retinopathy
4) Mild diarrhea
5) Dizziness
6) Headache
7) Heart problems etc.
8) Angioedema (rapid swelling of your skin)
9)
Severe or
mild bronchospasm
Severe or
mild bronchospasm
10)
Sore throat
Sore throat
5. COVID-19 and Coronavirus
Coronaviruses
are a member of associated viruses that cause diseases in humans, birds and
other mammals. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease of the respiratory system
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also well-known
as a novel coronavirus (nCoV-2019). A
typical structure of SARS-CoV-2 is given below. The total number of
death caused by this virus around the world till date is 1,34,354 as per WHO
report. In India the first case of coronavirus
positive was reported at Kerala state and now the maximum number of positive cases and the highest mortality rate is at Maharashtra state.
are a member of associated viruses that cause diseases in humans, birds and
other mammals. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease of the respiratory system
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also well-known
as a novel coronavirus (nCoV-2019). A
typical structure of SARS-CoV-2 is given below. The total number of
death caused by this virus around the world till date is 1,34,354 as per WHO
report. In India the first case of coronavirus
positive was reported at Kerala state and now the maximum number of positive cases and the highest mortality rate is at Maharashtra state.
Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2( SARS-CoV-2)
6. Hydroxychloroquine, a cure for COVID-19 OR not?
The
answer to the above question is both YES OR NO. In the recent research work has
revealed that hydroxychloroquine has antiviral properties against novel
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that is a root cause for COVID-19. In these studies, this drug
worked by interfering with human cell membranes and obstructed the virus from
incoming and multiplying inside the human cells. In some countries like China,
France, etc hydroxychloroquine shows positive results against severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by decease viral load in
humans. Several reports are there were hydroxychloroquine shows negative
results against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Studies are
ongoing across the globe in this area to find out its effectiveness against
COVID-19 and at the same time its side effects.
In India, hydroxychloroquine is not in use to treat coronavirus. Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, has said that
hydroxychloroquine should not be used by healthy people and has not yet
verified cure for COVID-19.
answer to the above question is both YES OR NO. In the recent research work has
revealed that hydroxychloroquine has antiviral properties against novel
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that is a root cause for COVID-19. In these studies, this drug
worked by interfering with human cell membranes and obstructed the virus from
incoming and multiplying inside the human cells. In some countries like China,
France, etc hydroxychloroquine shows positive results against severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by decease viral load in
humans. Several reports are there were hydroxychloroquine shows negative
results against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Studies are
ongoing across the globe in this area to find out its effectiveness against
COVID-19 and at the same time its side effects.
In India, hydroxychloroquine is not in use to treat coronavirus. Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, has said that
hydroxychloroquine should not be used by healthy people and has not yet
verified cure for COVID-19.
7. Top companies producing
hydroxychloroquine in India
hydroxychloroquine in India
India
is the largest supplier of hydroxychloroquine across the globe. The top companies
which produce hydroxychloroquine are
is the largest supplier of hydroxychloroquine across the globe. The top companies
which produce hydroxychloroquine are
- Ipca Laboratories
(Mumbai) - Zydus
Cadila(Ahmedabad) - Cipla
(Mumbai) - Wallace
Pharmaceuticals (Mumbai)
etc - 8. Other medications or treatments used for COVID-19.
- The drugs which are presently used
for treatment of COVID-19 across the globe are
§ Remdesivir
§ Favipiravir
§ Ritonavir/lopinavir