Jobs at Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB)-India

Jobs at Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB)-India

Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB):

The world-renowned Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) can be found in Hyderabad, India. It is one of the constituent public labs under the Chamber of Logical and Modern Exploration (CSIR), which is an administration body in India liable for advancing logical and modern examination. CCMB was laid out in 1977 with the essential objective of leading exploration in the space of cell and atomic science.

Key parts of Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB):

Research areas: CCMB centers around a great many exploration regions in cell and sub-atomic science, including hereditary qualities, genomics, protein construction and capability, formative science, bioinformatics, and biotechnology. The exploration led at CCMB expects to add to a superior comprehension of essential organic cycles and their applications.

Facilities: CCMB is furnished with cutting edge offices for research, including progressed labs, instrumentation, and computational assets. The foundation gives a climate helpful for state of the art research in the area of science.

Collaborations: To promote scientific exchange and collaborative projects, CCMB works with industries, universities, and research institutions both domestically and internationally. The advancement of research and technology transfer is aided by these collaborations.

Education and Training: In addition, CCMB is involved in cellular and molecular biology education and training. It gives valuable open doors to understudies, specialists, and researchers to take part in scholar and examination programs.

Publications: The specialists at CCMB consistently distribute their discoveries in peer-surveyed logical diaries. These distributions add to the worldwide logical information base and grandstand the foundation’s exploration commitments.

Outreach Exercises: CCMB is effectively engaged with outreach exercises to advance logical mindfulness and schooling. This incorporates sorting out studios, courses, and different occasions to draw in with established researchers and the general population.

Organization and leadership:

A Director is part of CCMB’s leadership, and he or she is in charge of the institute’s research and administrative functions. The foundation works under the umbrella of the Committee of Logical and Modern Exploration (CSIR).

CCMB has a multidisciplinary group of researchers, specialists, and care staff working across different exploration gatherings and divisions.

Research Drives:

CCMB is associated with both essential and applied research. The organization conducts exploration to disentangle the atomic instruments hidden different natural cycles and furthermore applies this information to resolve certifiable issues.

CCMB conducts research on a wide range of topics, such as microbial genetics, structural biology, cancer biology, neurobiology, and plant molecular biology.

Highlights of Achievement:

CCMB has made significant contributions to molecular biology over the years. Its analysts have been associated with earth shattering disclosures and have gotten acknowledgment for their work.

CCMB plays had an impact in progressing logical comprehension in regions, for example, DNA fix components, hereditary variety in Indian populaces, and the sub-atomic premise of different sicknesses.

Worldwide Coordinated efforts:

International universities and research centers work closely with CCMB. The exchange of researchers, joint research initiatives, and attendance at international conferences are frequently components of collaborative projects.

Innovation Move and Advancement:

In order to put research findings into use, CCMB is involved in technology transfer activities. This might include the improvement of biotechnological apparatuses, demonstrative techniques, or helpful methodologies.

Programs for Training:

The establishment gives preparing projects to understudies, both at the undergrad and postgraduate levels, as well with respect to investigate researchers and experts. These projects add to limit working in the field of cell and sub-atomic science.

Infrastructure:

CCMB is outfitted with present day research offices, incorporating labs with state of the art hardware, elite execution registering assets, and specific center offices for different examination strategies.

Workshops and Conferences:

CCMB arranges and has public and worldwide gatherings, studios, and symposia. These occasions act as stages for researchers to share their examination discoveries, trade thoughts, and encourage coordinated effort

Jobs at Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB)-India

For more information visit : https://www.ccmb.res.in/

Last data: 20/01/2024

Eid  Mubarak from the Fisheriesindia team

• May the eternal peace from heaven embrace your life on this Eid and fill it with uncountable blessings. Eid Mubarak to you brothers and sisters from team fisheriesindia.com 

Blockchain Technology future, impacts and ethical concerns 

Introduction of Blockchain Technology

Blockchain
technology is a data storage system that makes it incredibly difficult
and impossible, to alter, hack, or exploit the system (Vivekanadam, 2020). Blockchain
technology is essentially a shared ledger of transactions that is duplicated
and distributed through the entire network of operating networks that make up
the block-chain (Chauhan & Ramaiya).

Why I care about Blockchain Technology

Blockchain
technology has the potential to be applied to a variety of industries due to
its decentralization, immutability, stability, compliance, and permanency
flexibility for recordkeeping (Venkatesh, Kang, Wang, Zhong, & Zhang, 2020). Blockchain
also can be used for identity authentication, infinite scalability,
systems integration, and other uses. Blockchain technology still has not
reached its full potential to empower the current trends (Bouachir, Aloqaily, Tseng, & Boukerche, 2020).

Future of Blockchain technology

Blockchain
technology has been one of the most highly discussed digital technologies and practices
in recent years. Blockchain is a digital data management infrastructure
for both stable and flexible bigdata (Deepa et al., 2020). Blockchain
technology can be used to store ehealth data (Nandakumar & Clement, 2020). Through
overcoming the inadequacies of open networks and decentralization, block-chain
technology has the power to change the world throughout the future. Through implementing blockchain, every business is
expected to improve its operations to unprecedented level (Bouachir et al.,
2020).
At least one innovative Blockchain-based enterprise will be estimated $10
billion by 2022. By 2030, the value of the Blockchain network will have grown
just to above $460 billion, and by 2040, it’ll have increased to over $6.1
trillion.

Blockchain technology impacts and
ethical concerns

Blockchain
technology offers additional efficiency (potentially), reliability, protection,
and integrity by minimizing the risk (and friction) correlated with relying on
either one or a few networks of authorities (Kayıkcı, 2021). Indeed, the
intrinsically “anti-authoritarian” essence of the Blockchain network
contributes to its sustainability. The first ethical issue that supporters of
Blockchain must overcome is not reporting features technology’s capabilities
and therefore over-promising in terms of what it can provide.  The two most serious ethical concerns about block-chain
technology are 1) its environmental consequences and 2) its ability to promote
illegal activity. I’m also aware that, as I stated earlier in this article
while explaining how to understand Blockchain, the technology is powered by
sheer computational power. In terms of resource utilization and scaling, the
new Blockchain technology is inefficient. The root ethical issue is that
virtually all would be involved in blockchain activities and require a backup
of the key block-chain (Hanees & Manikandan, 2020).

Why the rest of us should care

Blockchain
is a cutting-edge technical innovation that can help in recordkeeping because
of its accuracy and constancy. Anyone wanting to validate a particular
transaction would technically be able to do so since a Blockchain lists the
entire ledger of transactions. The key benefits of blockchain technology are decentralization,
immutability, reliability, and accountability. The use of blockchain
technology allows for authentication without the need for third-party
verification. The data structure in a Blockchain is append-only, which means
the information can’t be modified or deleted (Guo, Xie, & Li, 2020). Block-chain
technology is only in its early stages and has potential to do a great deal of challenges
in the world. Blockchains now have to deal with five big issues like security,
confidentiality, regulatory, legal, and ethical considerations, but in future Blockchains
can used for very complex data (Venkatesh et al., 2020). 

References (APA Style)

Bouachir, O., Aloqaily, M., Tseng,
L., & Boukerche, A. (2020). Blockchain and fog computing for cyberphysical
systems: The case of smart industry. Computer,
53(9), 36-45.

Chauhan, C.,
& Ramaiya, M. K. Review the Security Improvement Technique for Industry 4.0
Using Block Chain Technology.

Deepa, N., Pham,
Q.-V., Nguyen, D. C., Bhattacharya, S., Prabadevi, B., Gadekallu, T. R., . . .
Pathirana, P. N. (2020). A survey on blockchain for big data: Approaches,
opportunities, and future directions. arXiv
preprint arXiv:2009.00858.

Guo, L., Xie, H.,
& Li, Y. (2020). Data encryption based blockchain and privacy preserving
mechanisms towards big data. Journal of
Visual Communication and Image Representation, 70, 102741.

Hanees, A., &
Manikandan, S. (2020). Block chain technology: myths, ethics and current trends
in it and Ides.

Kayıkcı, Y.
(2021). Blockchain in SCM: The Impact of Block Chain Technology for
SCM-Potentials, Promises, and Future Directions. Logistics 4.0, 146.

Nandakumar, R.,
& Clement, C. (2020). A Review on Block Chain Technology Applications with
an Emphasis on Health Care.

Venkatesh, V.,
Kang, K., Wang, B., Zhong, R. Y., & Zhang, A. (2020). System architecture
for blockchain based transparency of supply chain social sustainability. Robotics and Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing, 63, 101896.

Vivekanadam,
B. (2020). Analysis of Recent Trend and Applications in Block Chain Technology.
Journal of ISMAC, 2(04), 200-206.

About Author

Mr. Imran Zafar
has completed his Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Bioinformatics from
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Sahiwal campus under
supervision of Dr. Ahmad Ali, Bachelor of education (B.ed) from Allama Iqbal
Open University (AIOU) and Master of Science (MS) in Bioinformatics from
Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of
Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan under supervision of Dr. Muhammad Tariq
Pervez. For research work during BS and MS he has also done internships from
School of biological Science (SBS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
(UVAS) and Center of Excellence in molecular biology (CEMB) Lahore. He has published
several research articles and book computers in reputed journals recognized from
Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. 
His research is mainly focused on the field of Bioinformatics, Genomics,
Computational Biology and Molecular Biology in the domain of life science to
performed computational analysis. He is now working in Ministry of Education as
a Science subject instructor in the Department of Education Punjab,
Pakistan.  

WorldCom’s Bankruptcy Crisis

Introduction

Murray
Waldron and William Rector, two Hattiesburg businessmen, founded this company
in 1983. Bernard Ebbers was the company’s first CEO. For the next 15 years, it
expanded rapidly. Long Distance Discount Service (LDDS) was the company’s
original branding, which was later changed to WorldCom. It is well-known for
delivering telecommunication services to its customers all over the world. It
was now America’s second-largest contact firm. Instead of becoming the world’s
biggest telecommunications services company, it became the country’s largest
bankrupt filler. And the second-largest accounting blunder of the twenty-first
century.

Prior to Bankruptcy, Financial
Performance

The
company gained momentum in the 1990s as a result of a flood of mergers and
acquisitions. ATC (Advanced Telecommunications Corporation) paid $ 720 million
for WorldCom in 1992, beating main rivals Sprint Corporation and AT&T to
become a major player in telecommunications. IDB Communications Group, Inc. was
discovered in 1994, Williams Technology Group, Inc. was discovered in 1995, MFS
Communications Company was discovered in 1996, and MCI was discovered in 1998.
Metromedia Communication Corp. and Resurges Communications Group were
discovered in 1993, IDB Communications Group, Inc. was discovered in 1994,
Williams Technology Group, Inc. was discovered in 1995, MFS Communications
Company was discovered in 1996, and MCI was discovered in 1998. MFS acquired
UUNET Technologies shortly before merging with WorldCom.

WorldCom
and MCI Communications announced a $ 37 billion joint venture to develop MCI
WorldCom on November 4, 1997, the largest joint venture in US history. The
merger was completed on September 15, 1998, resulting in the creation of MCI
WorldCom. To gain approval from the US Department of Justice, MCI downgraded
its “internet” sector.

Sprint
Company and MCI WorldCom declared a $ 129 billion cooperative venture on Oct.
5, 1999. If the deal had been completed, it would have resulted in the merging
of the world’s two biggest corporations. The combined firm will be the biggest
telecommunications company in the United States, surpassing AT&T. The deal,
however, fell through due to objections from the US Department of Justice and
the European Union over concerns that it would establish a monarchy. Both
companies’ boards of directors dissolved their joint venture on July 13, 2000.
MCI WorldCom changed its name to “WorldCom” later that year.

Suffocate

Unfortunately
for thousands of workers and shareholders, WorldCom has wrongly reported $ 3.8
billion in financial spending, which has boosted the rate of cash flows and
earnings in all four quarters of 2001 and the first quarter of 2002. Since
spending can be long-term deductions, and expenditures can be excluded from
sales automatically, the company’s real residual deficit in five rooms is
hidden. WorldCom also redistributes prices by lowering the value of goods from
discovered firms while raising the value of interest. Acquired firms take on
accounts that have been ignored or slightly forgotten by the organization.
WorldCom’s financial position seems to be changing quarterly as a result of
these accounting activities. As long as WorldCom continues to purchase new
companies, accountants can change commodity prices and prices. Internal
auditing revealed questionable accounting practises that date back to 1999.
Investors, unaware of the alleged fraud, proceeded to buy the company’s stock,
raising the price to $ 64 per share. When unethical accounting practises were
exposed, WorldCom was also in financial difficulties. Owing to a reduction in
inflation and earnings, as well as a desire for revenue, the company was
heavily in debt. The firm has taken advantage of the rising value of its stock
to fund the purchase of other companies. The discovery of these companies,
especially Miscommunications, drew investors to WorldCom stocks. WorldCom CEO
Bernard Ebbers has also received a $ 408 million loan from the board of
directors to fund low-level calls on loans secured by the company’s portfolio.
The Board has borrowed Ebbers money at a rate that is lower than the national
average and lower than their expected return. WorldCom reached a lending deal
with several banks in July 2001, agreeing to lend $ 2.65 billion and repay it
within a year. WorldCom allegedly influenced the entire volume six weeks prior
to the announcement of financial irregularities, according to banks. Banks say
that if they understood the true state of WorldCom’s finances, they would not
raise the loan amount without finding additional collateral.

The
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) directed WorldCom to report
information that led to the circumstances outlined in the June 25 press release
about the company’s intention to replicate its 2001 financial statements and
the first quarter of 2002. a record that has been led He clarified that CFO
Scott Sullivan had prepared the 2001 and first quarter of 2002 financial
statements. On February 6, 2002, the WorldCom Audit Committee and Arthur
Andersen, the company’s external auditor, met to review the review for the year
stemmedDec. 31, 2001.

Arthur
Andersen examined WorldCom’s accounting practices to see whether they could be
included. Adequate safeguards against financial statements material
misrepresentation WorldCom’s processes for additional line charges,
capitalization of building property, and computer accounts were successful,
according to Andersen. In response to particular committee questions, Andersen
claimed that their auditors had never had a disagreement with management, and
that this is also true for WorldCom’s accounting functions. WorldCom agreed to
break the General Accounting System (GAAP), which was revamped, between 1999
and 2002, and their salaries totaled $ 11 billion. Accounting fraud is
estimated to be worth $1.5 billion, according to experts.

Common Size Bank Statements
WorldCom

WorldCom
Statements in 10-K

In 2001, line costs as a percentage of sales rose to
41.9 percent, up from 39.6% in 2000. Line expenditures for the year 2000,
except Embratel, totaled $ 13.8 billion, or 38.9% of revenues. The rise in
sales is due to price demand for commercial data and aggressive prices as a
dial-up Internet company, which resulted in a 17 percent decrease in access
revenue per hour in 2001 compared to 2000. As previously said, sales rose due
to reduced revenue from calling cards and higher margin telephone calls as a
result of the wireless exchange.

Balance Sheets – Assets

Balance Sheets– Liabilities

Financial Ratio of WorldCom: financial
statements 2000 & 2001

A forensic accountant can
detect the relationship between an entity’s income statement and balance sheet
by comparing the two financial statements. On the balance sheet, for example,
if a transaction is reported on the income statement, assets will rise and
liabilities will fall. Expenses have an effect on both the income statement and
the balance sheet. When a cost is reported on the income statement, for
example, assets will decrease and liabilities will increase on the balance
sheet.

Finally, it’s clear that an
income statement audit admission would have an effect on the balance sheet for
the accounting period. According to WorldCom’s financial statements, the
company’s earnings decreased between the fiscal years 2000 and 2001, while
liquidity increased. In addition, it seems that the return on investment has
dropped dramatically.

Overall, the company’s
financial performance has deteriorated as a result of lower sales and higher
costs, which is cause for concern. The spike in land, factory, and
infrastructure prices, for example, leads to the conclusion that WorldCom may
have under-reported expenditures elsewhere in the income statement. The
corporation had to raise another account on the balance sheet to compensate for
the under-reporting of these costs on the income statement.

Reasons behind Debacle

While
the company’s biggest telephone company, WorldCom, collapsed and was absorbed,
the U.S. He saw one of history’s most egregious accounting frauds. On July 13,
2005, former CEO Bernie Ebbers, 63, was found guilty of conspiracy to defraud
the US $ 11 billion accountant and sentenced to 25 years in prison. What
happened to the audits and ratings? They aren’t paying attention? What happened
to WorldCom’s board of directors, the company’s once-powerful executives, in
particular? Are they “drowning in the swamp”?

I
came across an informative article titled “Report of Investigation”
dated March 31, 2003 while investigating these big flaws in corporate
governance and what could be done to stop them. The Report is the source of the
majority of my analysis, and all of the quotes below may be explicitly linked
to it. WorldCom publishes major financial statements that hide the company’s
deteriorating financial situation. The following is how the financial
shenanigans were listed in the report: “… While fraud was widespread, it
was carried out in an unusual manner: fraudulent or unsupported financial
statements totaling more than $ 9 billion were sent to WorldCom’s financial
systems in order to receive the recorded financial results. Bernie Ebbers, the
CEO of WorldCom, was the driving force behind the scam. Ebbers were
specifically focused on generating incredible acquisition success in the 1990s.
How will he cover the cost of his adoption inebriation, using WorldCom stock as
an example. The stock had to continue to rise in value in order to reach this
purchase price. Here’s a quick rundown of the situation as described in the
Report:

WorldCom
has been keeping a close eye on a growing range of acquisitions. The plan
culminated in the 1998 purchase of WorldCom by MCI Communications, a corporation
with more than twice as much turnover as WorldCom. Due to claims of dishonesty,
the planned merger with Sprint has been cancelled… “

Ebbers
recognize the importance of showing sales and revenue. Financial strains were
the only way to achieve this goal. The dilemma is that working with this method
of cheating makes it much more difficult to implement. Fraud does not remain
constant over time. The downturn in the telecommunications industry has made
Ebbers’ situation worse. “Wall Street has
predicted a double-digit growth rate for WorldCom at this point”. After
all, they’ve accomplished so much in such a short time. On the other hand,
WorldCom needed time for its executives to maintain their newly acquired
companies, understand how to use them, and act responsibly. Ebbers lacked the
courage to inform Wall Street that WorldCom needed more time to consolidate and
digest its acquisitions. To satisfy Wall Street’s needs, Ebbers had to consult
his company’s medical records. If he had the courage to tell them what they
truly wanted, WorldCom would still be alive today, and Ebbers would not have
lived the remainder of his life in prison. Eber’s apparent need to expand and
retain his financial status was also a major part of the con. As a result, he
had to demonstrate a consistent rise in money in order to avoid low-level calls
in his WorldCom warehouse, which he had agreed in exchange for a loan.

In
1983, he was one of the company’s founders. He became the company’s chief
operating officer in 1985. He held the position until April 2002, when he
resigned. There was his financial dilemma, which may have influenced the
accounting of the accounting case under his supervision. When he retired, he
owed over $400 million on a debt secured by his WorldCom shares. (US
Telecommunications Company) WorldCom claims to be hiding $ 3.8 billion in
costs; US History’s Largest Writings

Scott
Sullivan was WorldCom’s interim chief financial officer and secretary. In June
2002, he was also sacked for blatantly listing the incorrect accounting.
Bernard Ebbers considered him a close associate. (Telecommunications Company of
the United States of America) WorldCom claims to have discovered $ 3.8 billion
in hidden funds, making history in the United States.

Former
WorldCom executive director and vice president David Myers in the same day as
Sullivan’s firing in June 2002, he resigned on grounds of irregular accounting.
(WorldCom, a US telecommunications company, hides $3.8 billion in the largest
writing in US history.)

Former
WorldCom financial officer Buford “Buddy” Yates For his part in the
crime, he was convicted and sentenced to one year and one day in jail.

Betty
Vinson is a former chief financial officer of WorldCom corporations. For his
part in the fiasco, he was sentenced to five months in jail.

Jack
Grub man – At the time of the controversy, he was a Wall Street commentator. He
had close ties with key members of many of the biggest organizations, and he
gave financial guidance to clients through them. He encouraged people to
purchase WorldCom stock as well as sell it. He claims he was completely unaware
of the controversy before it became official. He has been barred from working
in the defense industry for the rest of his life and has been fined $ 15
million. He couldn’t be charged with malicious mischief as a crime.

How to Stay Out of Bankruptcy

It
is certain that the Board of Directors who were present when WorldCom planted
the seeds of its demise should have intervened to prevent the financial crisis.

While
the Report explicitly blamed the Ebbers for the fact that “… Fraud was the
product of the way WorldCom CEO, Bernard J. Ebbers, handled the Company… was
a source of culture, and a lot of strain, which caused this fraud,” the
Board of Directors undoubtedly shares responsibility for the event. “…
The situation in which it occurred was characterized by a significant lack of
corporate governance…”, according to the Study.

Following
the public announcement on June 25, 2002, new steps were taken right away to
transform WorldCom and regain public confidence in the business. This is the
first significant one. The transition was the replacement of senior management.
Ebbers quit early this year, Sullivan was fired, and Myers resigned, all thanks
to a big loan he had taken from the company. There is a new administration in
the White House. The new COO, CFO, general counsel, and internal director
management have no previous affiliation with WorldCom. The Board of Directors
was restructured from the ground up. A modern Board of Directors that
guarantees transparency while still scrutinizing management decisions. The
treasury and finance department in Clinton, Mississippi, where bribery was
discovered, was shut down (Breeden, 2003). As a result, all suggestion of
wrongdoing in the business has been removed.

Although
more than 400 new financial and accounting staff were hired, 17,000 of
WorldCom’s 85,000 former employees were laid off. A new forensic auditor was
present when the false financial statements were sent for inspection. Excessive
products were inspected for flaws, and positive registrations from prior
purchases were noted. Stock options were then phased out, and the stock was
limited to the full payout value of share capital acquisitions (Breeden, 2003).
The stock price, which peaked at $ 64.50 in 1999, plummeted to $ 0.83 on July
21, 2002, when the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Internal
safeguards have been strengthened as a result of a comprehensive review.
Finally, through executive training systems, a new code of ethics was implemented
to remind workers on their obligations to the corporation as well as accounting
problems that may suggest anomalies (Breeden, 2003). Although WorldCom’s latest
introduction of the controls demonstrates its commitment to renewal, these
reforms were, sadly, just what WorldCom needed to prevent fraud from the start.
Anything may have been found if the corporate audit department had been given
the freedom to do its job properly after the takeover. In the meantime, Cooper.
The organization has provided the Board with a slew of machine failures, none
of which have been prioritized, due to a lack of interest within the service.

Lessons

     
What do we infer from the reasons for
WorldCom’s deception?

     
It was predicted that WorldCom’s
internal climate would change. I believe that even if there had been no
bribery, the business would have failed earlier than it has.

     
Really, he did. The manipulation worked
like a gum line clearing a dam hole. It was a storm outside that forced the
gums to loosen their hold. Finally, an investigation deficiency was the lack of
qualified personnel for the discovery and reconstruction of the pit.

     
WorldCom’s organizational issues also
included a lack of a viable internal policy and poor controls, a hostile
culture requiring high returns, and a refusal to do what was best for the
company’s equity owner and stock manager.

     
While the company’s success is vital to
its stability, the company must still focus on the long-term rather than the
next quarter’s study. The business emphasises that by doing so, it creates
value for both Wall Street and its customers, who are the company’s main
drivers.

     
Employees are also responsible for the
company’s development and performance. WorldCom’s competitive culture, on the
other hand, was seen as being obedient to management in terms of behavior,
fairness, and dignity (“doing what is right”).

     
The Board of Directors has operated like
a self-contained internal regulation that has collapsed.

     
The Board’s job was to fix the company’s
flaws that the management couldn’t perceive because of the company’s lack of
independence. The Board, on the other hand, seems to be unwilling to stand on
its own, since the majority of its members are Ebbers’ mates. As a result of
our relationship, I’ve learned a lot.

     
Rather than doing its job of protecting
the shareholders, the board kept searching for a more agreeable management.

     
The Audit Committee, which was part of
the Board, was in charge of communicating with the internal and external
auditors. It was absolutely inactive contacting one of the auditors for just
three or six hours a year. Despite the fact that Arthur Andersen told the
Committee that WorldCom had abused GAAP, committee members decided to disregard
this information.

     
To the already weakened home, the
exterior atmosphere was a hurricane. ‘The’

     
The company’s stock price has dropped
even further after the Internet and telecom bubbles burst. This drop is
countered by Jack Grub man’s continued “buy” recommendations.

     
WorldCom is a company based in the
United States.

     
Finally, we can see where the business
seems to be based on the things we’ve learned from these causes.

     
It works better in an open setting, and
the internal auditor is in charge of conducting the search. Furthermore, an
external auditor should join on purpose, with an objective mind set, and assess
an organization with transparency, fairness, and freedom.

     
When setting a target in an organization,
one must organize, design, execute, and evaluate. The data gathered during the
analysis process shows that there is a presence.

     
The most valuable rules, which include a
comprehensive structure for usage and maintenance I Organization, are
available. Unfortunately, while businesses fail to prepare and design a
community of strong work ethic, which, for example, already appears in these
rules, companies fail to enforce it.

CHECK
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8.      JOINING
AFTER PROMOTION

9.      TRANSFER
ORDER OF CURRENT SCHOOL (IF APPLICABLE)

10. JOINING
OF CURRENT SCHOOL

11. PAY
SLIP LATEST 

FOR APPLICANTS
WHO APPLIED ON WIDOW BASIS

1.      COPY
OF SIS TRANSFER APPLICATION PRESENT IN YOUR ANDROID PHONE

2.      CNIC
OF CANDIDATE

3.      NIKKAH
NAMA

4.      DEATH
CERTIFICATE OF HUSBAND 

5.      APPOINTMENT
ORDER

6.      1^ST
JOINING 

7.      PROMOTION
ORDER (IF PROMOTED)

8.      JOINING
AFTER PROMOTION

9.      TRANSFER
ORDER OF CURRENT SCHOOL (IF APPLICABLE)

10. JOINING
OF CURRENT SCHOOL

11. PAY
SLIP LATEST 

FOR APPLICANTS
WHO APPLIED FOR PROMOTION

1.      COPY
OF SIS TRANSFER APPLICATION PRESENT IN YOUR ANDROID PHONE

2.      CNIC
OF CANDIDATE

3.      APPOINTMENT
ORDER

4.      1^ST
JOINING AND JOINING OF CURRENT SCALE/POST

5.      PROMOTION
ORDER

6.      JOINING
AFTER PROMOTION

7.      PAY
SLIP LATEST 

FOR APPLICANTS
WHO APPLIED FOR MUTUAL TRANSFER

1.      COPY
OF SIS TRANSFER APPLICATION PRESENT IN YOUR ANDROID PHONE

2.      CNIC
OF CANDIDATE

3.      1^STAPPOINTMENT
ORDER AND REGULAR ORDER IF REGULARIZED

4.      1^ST
JOINING AND JOINING OF CURRENT SCALE/POST

5.      PROMOTION
ORDER IF PROMOTED

6.      JOINING
AFTER PROMOTION

7.      PAY
SLIP LATEST 

How operating system visualization is important for Industry 4.0 to promote practical research?

A systematic review of current
research in the domain of education and technology

Table 1: Supporting martial and selected
research paper for the current study

Introduction

The operating system allows users to perform simple
programming functions (OS). Both programmers and peripherals are controlled by
the operating system, which often makes use of the central processing unit
(CPU) for memory and storage. It also allows a computer to run several
programmers at the same time. An operating system is required for all
computers, including laptops, tablets, Smartphone’s, and servers. Developers
may use operating systems that are optimized for scripting and programming,
while the typical employee is more inclined to execute routine tasks in their
own setting. Microsoft Windows, Apple OS X, Linux distributions, and Android
Smartphone operating systems are the most common operating systems.

Virtualization is a technique for running various
operating systems on single portable computers. Cloud computing can be used for
mainstream hardware, vast server networks, and virtualization applications. Virtualization
is simple on the top, but it also enables the use of capabilities that may
otherwise be unavailable or impossible to reach on non-virtualized
infrastructures. In this regard, the objectives of this report is to provide an
overview of virtualization and its implementations, as well as to track how it
can be used in programming classes and to equip whole computer laboratories
with virtualization capabilities. Students, research managers, and graduate
users who perform self-analysis of operating systems and their implementations
will benefit from this study (Cvetkovski,
2019).

For industrial Industry 4.0 connectivity, high
reliability, low latency, stability, and protection are all requirements. These
are inevitably provided by 5G network networks, rendering it a good candidate
for promoting Industrial industry 4.0 scenarios. The aim of this paper is to
identify current research problems and solutions in relation to 5G-enabled
industrial Industry 4.0 based on original requirements and guarantees from both
realms. The method used in the essay involves mapping out the most recent
technologies, comparing results to identify additional issues, and drawing
conclusions as lessons for each research area. Themes covered include Industry 4.0
frameworks and standards, mobile edge cloud, back-end performance optimization,
communication virtualization capability, cryptography, industry 4.0 block chain
technology, 5G deep learning technology, and business enterprise networking (Varga et al., 2020).

Review and literature

The
operating system is the software’s base of every machine or handheld device.
This is due to the fact that it is needed for other programmes to run. An
operating system, as the name implies, is a system that aids in the efficient
operation of computers on a computer or cell phone. The term “operating
system” was first used to refer to a computer operating system in the
early days of computers. Any machine or portable device’s operating system is
the software’s foundation. This is due to the fact that it is needed for the
operation of other programmes. As the term means, an operating system helps in
the smooth running of machines on a device or a mobile phone. In the early days
of computing, the word “operating machine” was first used to refer to
a computer operating system. From a human time scale, a multitasking operating
system requires more than one application to run at the same time. There is
only one application operating in a single task scheme.

To
comprehend why virtualization is so valuable to education, it is necessary to
first comprehend what it is. Virtualization can be divided into two categories.
The first is related to the school’s server use. By running multiple virtual
machines on a single physical server, server virtualization enables a single
physical server to perform multiple functions. When it comes to cost savings,
this has a double benefit. For starters, it lowers the physical cost of using
multiple servers. In the new model, 95 percent of a server’s power is not used
on computers without virtual machines. Schools’ hardware costs would drop if
they virtualized so they would be able to use servers more safely and easily. Server
virtualization will also save money by making it easier for multiple school
systems to exchange data. When new educational materials are distributed,
sharing them in a simulated world is always as simple as sending a file copy (Cvetkovski,
2019).

The
desktop virtualization is another popular form of virtualization. Classrooms
must continue to apply to their curricula as programming knowledge becomes more
important to survive in the real world. Students will need a separate desk for
their lessons and scheduling when this is taking place. If the school requires
each classroom to have a desktop computer suited to the student’s needs, a
student can be assigned a special laptop before virtualization. Desktop
virtualization, on the other hand, encourages a student’s workstation to follow
him from class to class without the need for a dedicated laptop. In a crisis
recovery situation, this approach also provides better protection for student
data. When a student’s machine fails or ceases running for some cause, the
entire desktop can be transferred from one workstation to another without
difficulties. This not only saves money on professional resources because a
pupil who is unable to access their files requires assistance or risks skipping
the day’s class, but it also saves the hassle of trying to start again (Cvetkovski,
2019).

5G refers
to the fifth generation of mobile-based electronic network architecture. It was
inspired by a variety of reasons, some of which are solely related to
connectivity, such as providing high-speed broadband services to highly
populated areas, and those less related to communications, such as a battery
life of more than ten years. Extended standards for very stable and low latency
Improved mobile broadband, so-called critical communication scenarios (and
predicted machine type mass communication, or industry 4.0), are among the
traffic-related drivers, Massive traffic specifications for Industry 4.0
(Internet of Things). Industrial Industry 4.0 is one of the emerging areas in
which 5G provides mobile mobile connectivity, especially in terms of extremely
reliable and low latency connectivity needs. This thesis aims to provide an
overall picture of how 5G and associated emerging technologies and approaches are
expected to support the needs of industrial players (Varga et al., 2020).

Research gap

The
articles mentioned to describe a variety of use cases and architectures
for implementing learning systems and technology for
excellence performance in education, but few of them have individual
demonstrations.

Table 2:
Research gap and
implementation in real world

Table 2
summarizes the use cases mentioned in the example presented above. The table
shows how many use cases for the key features of the operating system,
simulation of visualization, and application of 5G other 5G technologies for
education learning sectors for students is addressed. We see how various
researchers realized the use cases step by step in the realization column. The
various papers present many use cases for several 5G innovations in various
environments (manufacturing, telesurgery, placement, and construction
management), demonstrating that 5G can be commonly used in the educational
industry and improve learning efficiency through simulation principles.

Summary

Virtualization is a way
of running multiple operating systems on a physical computer at the same time.
Virtualization can be run on virtually any computer, from chip systems to large
data centers and cloud environments. Simple on the surface, virtualization uses
capabilities that would not be available or too difficult to obtain from
non-virtualized hardware. Virtualization gives the table several advantages:
simultaneous operation of non-integrated hardware; developers using
virtualization can, with a fraction of the effort, develop a full understanding
of existing operating systems or work on their development, without having to
have all the different hardware in place; Today, virtualization is a mature
technology that is supported by both a larger CPU design and required
virtualization software, and is already an insoluble part of production
environments. With that, computer virtualization should also become an
inseparable part of computer science education in which students can perform
fast experiments at home using network technology. Along with the benefits of
virtualization, the burden will be borne by this new technology from students, according
to knowledge faculty who prepare future IT experts. Industrial Industry 4.0 has special
communication requirements that used for fast speed educational analysis using different
types of network speeds imbed with orating systems, including high reliability,
low latency, flexibility, and security. These are instinctively provided by 5G
mobile technology, making it a successful candidate to support Industrial
Industry 4.0 scenarios. The objective of this is to identify current research
challenges and solutions in relation to 5G-enabled industrial Industry 4.0 for
educational infrastructure and frameworks, building on the original
requirements and promises of both domains. These areas include Industry 4.0
applications and their requirements; In addition to examining current challenges
and solutions, the studies aims to provide meaningful comparisons for each of
these areas (relatively 5G-enabled industry 4.0) to draw conclusions about
current research gaps for history of operating systems towards students
visualization at home using high speed technology.

References
(APA Style)

Chang, C. Y., Lai, C.
L., & Hwang, G. J. (2018). Trends and research issues of mobile learning
studies in nursing education: A review of academic publications from 1971 to
2016. Computers & Education, 116, 28-48.

Cvetkovski,…(2019).
A. operating system virtualization in the education of computer science
students.

Francis-Mezger, P.,
& Weaver, V. M. (2018, October). A raspberry pi operating system for
exploring advanced memory system concepts. In Proceedings of the
International Symposium on Memory Systems (pp. 354-364).

Karrenbauer, M.,
Ludwig, S., Buhr, H., Klessig, H., Bernardy, A., Wu, H., … & Fitzek, F.
H. (2019). Future industrial networking: from use cases to wireless
technologies to a flexible system architecture. at-Automatisierungstechnik, 67(7),
526-544.

Lu, Y., Richter, P.,
& Lohan, E. S. (2018, June). Opportunities and Challenges in the Industrial
Internet of Things based on 5G Positioning. In 2018 8th International
Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

Miao, Y., Jiang, Y.,
Peng, L., Hossain, M. S., & Muhammad, G. (2018). Telesurgery robot based on
5G tactile internet. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23(6),
1645-1654.

O’Brien, D. (2017,
June). Teaching operating systems concepts with SystemTap. In Proceedings
of the 2017 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science
Education (pp. 335-340).

Rao, S. K., &
Prasad, R. (2018). Impact of 5G technologies on industry 4.0. Wireless
personal communications, 100(1), 145-159.

Sachs, J., Andersson,
L. A., Araújo, J., Curescu, C., Lundsjö, J., Rune, G., … & Wikström, G. (2018).
Adaptive 5G low-latency communication for tactile internet services. Proceedings
of the IEEE, 107(2), 325-349.

Taleb, T., Afolabi,
I., & Bagaa, M. (2019). Orchestrating 5G network slices to support
industrial internet and to shape next-generation smart factories. IEEE
Network, 33(4), 146-154.

Varga, P., Peto, J.,
Franko, A., Balla, D., Haja, D., Janky, F., … & Toka, L. (2020). 5g
support for industrial industry 4.0  applications–challenges, solutions, and
research gaps. Sensors, 20(3), 828.

Voigtländer, F.,
Ramadan, A., Eichinger, J., Lenz, C., Pensky, D., & Knoll, A. (2017,
October). 5G for robotics: Ultra-low latency control of distributed robotic
systems. In 2017 International Symposium on Computer Science and
Intelligent Controls (ISCSIC) (pp. 69-72). IEEE.

<Academy of Expert Writer>

<About CEO>

Mr. Imran Zafar has completed
his Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Bioinformatics from COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology Islamabad Sahiwal campus under supervision of Dr. Ahmad
Ali and Master of Science (MS) in Bioinformatics from Department of
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan,
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan under supervision of Dr. Muhammad Tariq Pervez. For
research work during BS and MS he has also done internships from School of
biological Science (SBS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS)
and Center of Excellence in molecular biology (CEMB) Lahore. He has published
several research articles and book computers in reputed journals recognized
from Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan.  His research is mainly focused on the field
of Bioinformatics, Genomics, Computational Biology and Molecular Biology in the
domain of life science to performed computational analysis. He is now working
in Ministry of Education as a Science subject instructor in the Department of
Education Punjab, Pakistan.

Our Services
with Expert Team

Support students to get admission, synopsis,
research paper, project, thesis and other academic related issues feel free to
contact us. We facilitate students to engage in higher education via motivation
and other established strategies, therefore once your communication can change
your destination

Expert services:
B.ed, M.ed, BS,
MSC, MCS, MS, Mphill, PHD in all fields of sciences

Contact
Information:

Call, WhatsApp: 03016547807

Email: bioinfo.pk@gmail.com

In compliance with
the brief syllabus of all Punjab Boards, these 10th Class Chapter wise tests
were planned and assessments are followed by Punjab including Gujranwala Board,
Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Bahawalpur
Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, Sahiwal Board. We made our best attempts,
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However, if you notice any defect, any recommendation for its further accuracy
is nevertheless welcomed. And if you think that our efforts beneficial for you,
share it because “Sharing is Caring” with your friends.

<Academy of Expert Writer>

<About CEO>

Mr. Imran Zafar has completed
his Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Bioinformatics from COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology Islamabad Sahiwal campus under supervision of Dr. Ahmad
Ali and Master of Science (MS) in Bioinformatics from Department of
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan,
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan under supervision of Dr. Muhammad Tariq Pervez. For
research work during BS and MS he has also done internships from School of
biological Science (SBS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS)
and Center of Excellence in molecular biology (CEMB) Lahore. He has published
several research articles and book computers in reputed journals recognized
from Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan.  His research is mainly focused on the field
of Bioinformatics, Genomics, Computational Biology and Molecular Biology in the
domain of life science to performed computational analysis. He is now working
in Ministry of Education as a Science subject instructor in the Department of
Education Punjab, Pakistan.

Our Services
with Expert Team

Support students to get admission, synopsis,
research paper, project, thesis and other academic related issues feel free to
contact us. We facilitate students to engage in higher education via motivation
and other established strategies, therefore once your communication can change
your destination

Expert services:
B.ed, M.ed, BS,
MSC, MCS, MS, Mphill, PHD in all fields of sciences

Contact
Information:

Call, WhatsApp: 03016547807

Email: bioinfo.pk@gmail.com

Alopecia ( Hair loss) types, causes and effects in men and woman  or  Hair loss, its cause and effects   

What is Androgenetic Alopecia?

Androgenetic alopecia can affect men and
women who are genetically predisposed at any time, from puberty to senescence.

Hair losing time period during alopecia

Hair thinning usually begins between 12
and 40 years and about half of the population expresses this property to some
extent before the age of 50.8 (Seiter
et al., 2001).

Primary Sign of alopecia

The initiating event may be a telogenic
cure, but the primary sign reported by the patient is thinning.  Hair loss can appear in many different ways,
depending on what’s causing it. It can come on suddenly or gradually and affect
just your scalp or your whole body.

Signs
and symptoms of hair loss during alopecia
·       
Gradual thinning on top of the head. 
·       
Circular or patchy bald spots. 
·       
Sudden loosening of hair based on physical or emotional
shock
·       
Full-body hair loss due to Some medical
treatments and conditions
·       
Patches of scaling that spread over
the scalp.

Progressive hair loose in alopecia

Progressive thinning results from both a
gradual miniaturization of the hair follicle and a shortened growth phase
(anagen).

A pattern of hair loose in men and women during alopecia

The pattern of hair loss is quite
variable. Common in men and women is Mpattern, which is characterized by a
frontal recession with thinning or absence of hair at the temples.

Another pattern, more common in women,
is the decrease in the hair density of the scalp in the central area, with retention
of the anterior hairline.

What androgenetic
alopecia can be cured?

No, there is no cure for androgenetic
alopecia. However, the progression of this condition in both men and women
tends to be very slow, spanning several years to decades. An earlier age of
onset may predict a quicker rate of progression.

Causes of Alopecia

Androgenic alopecia can be caused by a variety of factors tied
to the actions of hormones,
including some ovarian cysts, taking high androgen index birth control pills, pregnancy,
and menopause.
Antigens such as dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate affect
hair loss. Dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen, reduces the amount of
hair in the scalp and increases the amount of body and pubic hair. If
androgenetic alopecia is inherited, it is controversial; it is polygenic or
autosomal dominant with variable penetration. Androgenetic alopecia affects the
same number of men and women. One-third of people with a strong family history
can expect to suffer, regardless of gender (Küster & Happle, 1984).

Types of hair losing

There are following types of alopecia

1. Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair loss that
affects the scalp and/or the autoimmune without gravity affecting less than
2% of the population and is characterized by hair loss in places. It can affect
the entire scalp (total alopecia) or cause loss of all hair (Delamere et al., 2008).  Many factors are investigated to clarify the
pathogenesis of AA. Nonspecific and immunospecific autoimmune reactions and
genetic constitutions are possible causes (Gilhar & Kalish, 2006).

In
people with alopecia areata, poor outcomes are associated with several factors:
·        
early age of onset
·        
extensive hair loss
·        
nail changes
·        
family history
·        
having multiple autoimmune conditions

2. Alopecia totalis

Alopecia totalis occurs when you have
hair loss across the entire scalp.

3. Alopecia Universalis

 Alopecia
Universalis (AU) is a type of alopecia in which hair loss occurs throughout the
body. DUs are usually seen in patients with thyroid and vitiligo. The patient
has no other symptoms but feels burning or itchy. It is associated with other
conditions such as atopic dermatitis and nail changes (such as fighting) (Cole & Herzunger, 1984).

4. Diffuse alopecia areata

Diffuse
alopecia areata may look a lot like a female- or male-pattern hair loss. It
results in sudden and unexpected thinning of hair all over the scalp, not in
just one area or patch.

5. Ophiasis
alopecia

Hair
loss that follows a band along the sides and lowers back of the scalp is called
ophiasis alopecia.

Natural
treatment for alopecia areata
·        
aromatherapy
·        
acupuncture
·        
microneedling
·        
probiotics
·        
low-level laser therapy (LLLT)
·        
vitamins,
like zinc and biotin
·        
aloe vera drinks and topical gels
·        
onion juice rubbed onto the scalp
·        
essential
oils like tea tree, rosemary, lavender, and peppermint
·        
other
oils, like coconut, castor, olive, and jojoba
·        
an
“anti-inflammatory” diet, also known as the “autoimmune
protocol,”
which is a restrictive diet that mainly includes meats and vegetables
·        
scalp
massage
·        
herbal supplements, such as ginseng, green
tea, Chinese
hibiscus, and saw palmetto
 

Harmful Diet for alopecia

Foods with sugar, processed snacks, and
alcohol may increase inflammation and irritation within the body.

Eating a balanced diet during alopecia

One with whole grains, fruits,
vegetables, and lean meat — is beneficial to your overall health for many
reasons, not just for reducing inflammation.

Prevention from alopecia

Alopecia areata can’t be prevented
because its cause is unknown.

Top
Online Education Websites- 2022-23

In this digital world, everyone wants to learn or get information
online through various websites. Here in this article, we are given information
about best online education websites which may be helpful for students,
teachers as well as researchers across the globe. Below are mentioned some best
education websites